High volume exports

This section focuses on the commodities (or taxon/term/unit combinations) exported at high volumes by the EU and candidate countries. For the purposes of this analysis, trade volumes over 1000 units were considered as ‘high volume’. Commodities exported by the EU and candidate countries at volumes exceeding this threshold in 2012 are discussed below for each taxonomic group. Commodities met the ‘high volume’ criterion on the basis of direct and indirect trade combined; however direct and indirect exports are presented separately in the tables with direct exports first, followed by indirect exports.

High volume exports were recorded for 11 mammal, 16 bird, 29 reptile, 11 fish, five invertebrate, 15 plant (other than timber) and six timber taxa. In 2012 there was a notable increase in the number of reptile taxa traded at high volumes, from 19 in 2011 to 29 in 2012, mainly due to an increase in exports of snake skins and live tortoises. The following sections provide an overview of the high volume trade by taxonomic group.

MammalsBirdsReptilesAmphibiansFishInvertebratesPlantsTimber

Eleven mammal taxa met the high volume criterion in 2012 on the basis of at least one term/unit combination. The top commodities exported directly from the EU by taxon were garments derived from the species Lynx rufus and L. canadensis (all reported without a source or purpose) and captive-bred specimens of Macaca fascicularis exported for medicinal purposes. The top mammal commodities re-exported were hairs of Mustela sibirica, specimens of Macaca fascicularis and skins of Arctocephalus pusillus. Notable quantities of pre-Convention carvings of Loxodonta africana were reported in 2012 compared to previous years; this trade is discussed further in the box below.

Mammal species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re )exports (combined direct and indirect trade) exceeded 1000 units in 2012. *Indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011.

[l] [l]Taxon [l]App./Annex [r]Qty [l]Description [l]Main sources [l]Main EU (re-)exporter (%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct trade [l][i]Lynx rufus[/i] [l]II/B [r]6350 [l]garments [l]No source reported [l]Greece (100%)
[l]Direct trade [l][i]Macaca fascicularis[/i] [l]II/B [r]2511 [l]specimens [l]C [l]Germany (78%)
[l]Direct trade [l][i]Lynx canadensis[/i] [l]II/B [r]1319 [l]garments [l]No source reported [l]Greece (100%)
[l]Direct trade [l][i]Elephas maximus[/i] [l]I/A [r]47 [l]carvings [l]O [l]Sweden (79%)
[l]Direct trade [l][i]Loxodonta africana[/i] [l]I/A; II/A [r]8 [l]carvings [l]O [l]Greece (38%); Sweden (38%)
[l]Direct trade [l][i]Macaca mulatta[/i] [l]II/B [r]6 [l]specimens [l]C [l]Germany (100%)
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Mustela sibirica[/i] [l]III/D [r]157804 [l]hair [l]W [l]United Kingdom (96%) [China]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Macaca fascicularis[/i] [l]II/B [r]57417 [l]specimens [l]F [l]Germany (53%) [Mauritius]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Arctocephalus pusillus*[/i] [l]II/B [r]9410 [l]skins [l]W [l]Germany (>99%) [Namibia]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Macaca mulatta[/i] [l]II/B [r]6408 [l]specimens [l]C [l]Germany (92%) [China]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Loxodonta africana[/i] [l]I/A; II/B [r]5447 [l]carvings [l]O   [l]United Kingdom (91%) [Unknown ]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Lynx rufus[/i] [l]II/B [r]4889 [l]skins [l]W [l]Germany (78%) [United States]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Pecari tajacu*[/i] [l]II/B [r]3683 [l]skins [l]W [l]Italy (96%) [Peru]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Tayassu pecari*[/i] [l]II/B [r]2460 [l]skin pieces [l]W [l]Italy (100%) [Peru]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Lycalopex griseus[/i] [l]II/B [r]2293 [l]skins [l]W [l]Germany (44%); Italy (43%) [Argentina]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Elephas maximus[/i] [l]I/A [r]1999 [l]carvings [l]O [l]United Kingdom (89%) [Unknown]
[l]Indirect trade [l][i]Lycalopex gymnocercus[/i] [l]II/B [r]1300 [l]skins [l]W [l]Germany (100%) [Argentina]

EU-reported exports of pre-Convention Loxodonta africana carvings

A total of 5616 L. africana carvings recorded as pre-Convention (source ‘O’) were exported by the EU in 2012, more than double the quantity reported in 2011. Of these, 1248 carvings were reported in sets of 52, and are therefore likely to be piano keys. All exports of carvings in 2012 were reported as Annex A, with 99% reported as re-exports from an unknown origin country; the majority (75%) of trade was for commercial purposes. The United Kingdom accounted for 88% of exports in 2012; the top trading partners were China (37%) and the United States (28%).

EU-reported (re-)exports of pre-Convention Loxodonta africana carvings, 2003-2012.

 

Fifteen bird species and one hybrid met the high volume criterion in 2012 on the basis of at least one term/unit combination. Commodities meeting this threshold were primarily direct commercial exports of live, captive-bred birds; the vast majority of the indirect exports originated within the EU.  The top commodities in trade by quantity were feathers of Cairina moschata (kg), live Agapornis fischeri and live A. personatus.

Bird species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re )exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. * Indicates taxa that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011.

[l] [l]Taxon [l]App./ Annex [r]Qty [l]Description [l]Main [l]Main (re-)exporter (%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Cairina moschata[/i] [l]III/C [r]47692 [l]feathers (kg) [l]C [l]France (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Agapornis fischeri[/i] [l]II/B [r]39684 [l]live [l]C [l]Netherlands (81%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Agapornis personatus[/i] [l]II/B [r]26010 [l]live [l]C [l]Netherlands (79%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Platycercus eximius[/i] [l]II/B [r]12339 [l]live [l]C [l]Czech Republic (59%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Psephotus haematonotus[/i] [l]II/B [r]12276 [l]live [l]C [l]Czech Republic (43%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Lonchura oryzivora[/i] [l]II/B [r]9851 [l]live [l]C [l]Netherlands (36%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Gallus sonneratii[/i] [l]II/B [r]7191 [l]feathers [l]C [l]United Kingdom (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Platycercus elegans[/i] [l]II/B [r]5475 [l]live [l]C [l]Czech Republic (54%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Cyanoramphus auriceps*[/i] [l]II/B [r]2365 [l]live [l]C [l]Czech Republic (58%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Pyrrhura molinae*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1659 [l]live [l]C [l]Netherlands (80%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Myiopsitta monachus*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1583 [l]live [l]C [l]Netherlands (77%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Falco hybrid[/i] [l]I/A; II/B [r]1495 [l]live [l]C [l]Spain (50%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Bolborhynchus lineola*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1440 [l]live [l]C [l]Belgium (47%); Netherlands (47%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Neopsephotus bourkii*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1362 [l]live [l]C [l]Belgium (56%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae[/i] [l]I/A [r]1131 [l]live [l]C [l]Belgium (40%); Czech Republic (49%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Neophema pulchella*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1128 [l]live [l]C [l]Netherlands (41%)
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Myiopsitta monachus*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1634 [l]live [l]R [l]Spain (98%) [Uruguay]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Platycercus eximius[/i] [l]II/B [r]370 [l]live [l]C [l]Bulgaria (54%) [Slovakia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Falco hybrid[/i] [l]I/A; II/B [r]320 [l]live [l]C [l]Belgium (65%) [Germany]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Psephotus haematonotus[/i] [l]II/B [r]236 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (83%) [Czech Republic]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Agapornis personatus[/i] [l]II/B [r]152 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (99%) [Portugal]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Agapornis fischeri[/i] [l]II/B [r]150 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (100%) [Portugal]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Platycercus elegans[/i] [l]II/B [r]131 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (86%) [Czech Republic]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Lonchura oryzivora[/i] [l]II/B [r]100 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (100%)[Portugal]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Gallus sonneratii[/i] [l]II/B [r]95 [l]feathers [l]O [l]Denmark (100%) [Unknown]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Cyanoramphus auriceps*[/i] [l]II/B [r]50 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (100%) [Czech Republic]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Pyrrhura molinae*[/i] [l]II/B [r]27 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (89%) [Portugal]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Neopsephotus bourkii*[/i] [l]II/B [r]23 [l]live [l]F [l]Spain (100%) [Netherlands]

Twenty-nine reptile taxa met the high volume criterion on the basis of at least one term/unit combination in 2012. Direct exports from the EU were primarily live, captive-bred specimens traded for commercial purposes; Chamaeleo calyptratus accounted for 48% of direct exports of live reptiles in 2012. The principal importers of live reptiles were the United States (30%) and Hong Kong, SAR (28%). Re-exports of taxa which met the high volume threshold primarily comprised skins or skin pieces.  Alligator mississippiensis accounted for 93% of re-exports of skin pieces, of which the principal importer was Tunisia (42%), while the main EU re-exporter was France (98%).

Reptile species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. *Indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011.

[l] [l]Taxon App./Annex [r]Qty [l]Description Main source [l]Main EU (re-)exporter (%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct Exports [l][i]Chamaeleo calyptratus[/i] II/B [r]9867 [l]live C [l]Czech Republic (>99%)
[l]Direct Exports [l][i]Testudo hermanni[/i] II/A [r]4029 [l]live C [l]Slovenia (77%)
[l]Direct Exports [l][i]Geochelone sulcata*[/i] II/B [r]1861 [l]live C [l]Slovenia (97%)
[l]Direct Exports [l][i]Python bivittatus[/i] II/B [r]1412 [l]live C [l]Czech Republic (96%)
[l]Direct Exports [l][i]Python regius*[/i] II/B [r]486 [l]live C [l]Germany (80%)
[l]Direct Exports [l][i]Testudo horsfieldii*[/i] II/B [r]14 [l]live C [l]Germany (79%)
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i] II/B [r]760814 [l]skin pieces W [l]France (98%) [United States]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Cerberus rynchops*[/i] III/C [r]134119 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Thailand]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i] II/B [r]64724 [l]skins W [l]Italy (78%) [United States]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Atretium schistosum*[/i] III/C [r]55599 [l]skins O [l]Spain (100%) [Unknown]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Daboia russelii[/i] III/C [r]50047 [l]extract F [l]Germany (100%) [United States]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Tupinambis merianae[/i] II/B [r]48567 [l]skins W [l]Italy (>99%) [Paraguay]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python bivittatus[/i] II/B [r]33092 [l]skins C [l]Italy (94%) [Viet Nam]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Daboia russelii[/i] III/C [r]31713 [l]derivatives F [l]Germany (100%) [United States]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python reticulatus[/i] II/B [r]30792 [l]skins C [l]Italy (51%) [Viet Nam; Lao PDR]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Ptyas mucosus*[/i] II/B [r]26710 [l]skins W [l]Italy (>99%) [Indonesia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caiman crocodilus fuscus[/i] II/B [r]20635 [l]skin pieces C [l]Italy (72%) [Colombia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caiman crocodilus fuscus[/i] II/B [r]18369 [l]skins C [l]Spain (90%) [Colombia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Tupinambis rufescens[/i] II/B [r]16589 [l]skins W [l]Italy (98%) [Paraguay]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Varanus salvator[/i] II/B [r]14404 [l]skins W [l]Spain (49%) [Indonesia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Varanus niloticus[/i] II/B [r]12612 [l]skins W [l]France (94%) [Mali]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Varanus niloticus[/i] II/B [r]11563 [l]skin pieces W [l]France (95%) [Mali]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caiman crocodilus*[/i] II/B [r]10088 [l]tails W [l]Spain (55%) [Bolivia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Tupinambis teguixin*[/i] II/B [r]8791 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Argentina]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python reticulatus[/i] II/B [r]8119 [l]skin pieces C [l]Italy (61%) [Lao PDR]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i] I/A; I/B [r]6084 [l]skins C [l]France (53%) [Zimbabwe]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Eunectes notaeus*[/i] II/B [r]4167 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Argentina]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i] I/A; I/B [r]4125 [l]skin pieces C [l]Italy (58%) [Zimbabwe]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caiman crocodilus crocodilus[/i] II/B [r]3980 [l]skin pieces C [l]Italy (>99%) [Colombia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python brongersmai[/i] II/B [r]3934 [l]skins W [l]Italy (74%) [Indonesia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Naja naja*[/i] II/B [r]3511 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Thailand]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caiman crocodilus*[/i] II/B [r]3246 [l]skin pieces W [l]Italy (100%) [Bolivia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Varanus salvator[/i] II/B [r]2573 [l]skin pieces W [l]France (84%) [Indonesia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Naja sputatrix*[/i] II/B [r]2102 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Indonesia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus porosus[/i] I/A; I/B [r]1967 [l]skin pieces W [l]Italy (54%) [Australia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caiman crocodilus*[/i] II/B [r]1711 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Bolivia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Daboia russelii[/i] III/C [r]1698 [l]skins W [l]Italy (100%) [Indonesia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i] II/B [r]1649 [l]skin pieces (kg) W [l]Italy (100%) [United States]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Tupinambis spp.[/i] II/B [r]1577 [l]skins W [l]Italy (>99%) [Paraguay]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Testudo horsfieldii*[/i] II/B [r]1341 [l]live W [l]Netherlands (71%) [Uzbekistan]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus siamensis*[/i] I/A [r]1340 [l]leather products (small) D [l]Italy (92%) [Thailand]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python bivittatus[/i] II/B [r]1333 [l]skin pieces C [l]Italy (77%) [Viet Nam]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus porosus[/i] I/A; I/B [r]1260 [l]skins C [l]France (69%) [Australia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Tupinambis merianae[/i] II/B [r]1259 [l]skin pieces W [l]Italy (98%) [Argentina]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i] I/A; I/B [r]1123 [l]meat (kg) C [l]Belgium (100%) [Zimbabwe]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Crocodylus acutus*[/i] I/A; I/B [r]1109 [l]leather products (small) D [l]Italy (100%) [Colombia]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python regius*[/i] II/B [r]889 [l]live R [l]France (63%) [Togo]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Geochelone sulcata*[/i] II/B [r]677 [l]live C [l]Germany (85%) [Italy]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Chamaeleo calyptratus[/i] II/B [r]446 [l]live F [l]France (45%) [Czech Republic]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Testudo hermanni[/i] II/A [r]59 [l]live C [l]Germany (98%) [France]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Python bivittatus[/i] II/B [r]10 [l]live C [l]Germany (60%) [Switzerland]

No individual species exceeded the 1000 unit threshold; the principal species exported were Dendrobates tinctorius (508 live animals; 25%) and Ambystoma mexicanum (360 live animals; 18%), of which the majority were captive-bred and exported for commercial purposes. The majority (94%) of live amphibian exports from the EU were direct; the top EU exporter was the Netherlands (58%), while the principal importer was Japan (44%).

Eight fish species and three hybrids met the high volume criterion on the basis of at least one term/unit combination.  The vast majority of high volume direct exports involved sturgeon commodities from captive sources, exported for commercial purposes; live eggs were the top commodities exported by quantity. Acipenser baerii was the top species exported as live eggs, representing 84% of the trade in this commodity; all were directly exported from France to China.

Fish species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. * Indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011.

[l] [l]Taxon [l]App./Annex [r]Qty [l]Description [l]Main source [l]Main (re-)exporter (%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]3765000 [l]eggs (live) [l]C [l]France (98%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i] [l]II/B [r]336000 [l]eggs (live) [l]C [l]Hungary (78%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser ruthenus[/i] [l]II/B [r]294000 [l]eggs (live) [l]C [l]Hungary (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]123650 [l]live (kg) [l]C [l]France (66%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i] [l]II/B [r]94889 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Italy (54%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]85749 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Italy (46%); Germany (45%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser transmontanus[/i] [l]II/B [r]58215 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Italy (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]55054 [l]bodies (kg) [l]C [l]France (93%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]50352 [l]live [l]C [l]Estonia (89%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i] [l]II/B [r]20672 [l]live [l]C [l]Italy (97%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii x naccarii[/i] [l]II/B [r]14208 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Italy (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]11598 [l]caviar (kg) [l]C [l]France (58%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser transmontanus[/i] [l]II/B [r]6640 [l]caviar (kg) [l]C [l]Italy (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i] [l]II/B [r]5643 [l]caviar (kg) [l]C [l]Bulgaria (45%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i] [l]II/B [r]5000 [l]bodies (kg) [l]C [l]Poland (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]2736 [l]extract [l]C [l]France (99%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]2080 [l]bodies [l]C [l]France (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]1894 [l]extract (kg) [l]C [l]France (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Huso huso[/i] [l]II/B [r]1500 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Bulgaria (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Acipenser ruthenus[/i] [l]II/B [r]1389 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Germany (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Huso dauricus x acipenser schrenckii*[/i] [l]II/B [r]2 [l]caviar (kg) [l]blank [l]Latvia (100%)
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i] [l]II/B [r]245000 [l]meat (kg) [l]O [l]Denmark (100%) [France]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Acipenser hybrid[/i] [l]II/B [r]32699 [l]meat (kg) [l]C [l]Germany (100%) [Italy]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]2100 [l]extract (kg) [l]C [l]France (99%) [Italy]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i] [l]II/B [r]1842 [l]caviar (kg) [l]C [l]France (89%) [Bulgaria]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]1279 [l]caviar (kg) [l]C [l]France (46%) [Italy]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Huso dauricus x acipenser schrenckii*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1042 [l]caviar (kg) [l]C [l]France (62%) [China]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Acipenser transmontanus[/i] [l]II/B [r]945 [l]caviar (kg) [l]F [l]France (79%) [United States]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i] [l]II/B [r]62 [l]extract [l]C [l]Germany (100%) [France]

Five invertebrate taxa met the high volume criterion on the basis of at least one term/unit combination in 2012. Hirudo medicinalis accounted for 80% of exports of live invertebrates reported by number, all of which were captive-bred and exported directly from the EU for commercial purposes; the top EU exporter was France (81%), while the principal importer was the United States (72%).

Invertebrate species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. *Indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011.

[l] [l][i]Taxon[/i] [l]App./Annex [r]Qty [l]Description [l]Main source [l]Main (re-)exporter (%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Hirudo medicinalis[/i] [l]II/B [r]129375 [l]live [l]C [l]France (81%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Hirudo verbana[/i] [l]II/B [r]8943 [l]live [l]C [l]Germany (56%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Tridacna maxima[/i] [l]II/B [r]7201 [l]live [l]W [l]France (100%)
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Hirudo verbana[/i] [l]II/B [r]2223 [l]live (kg) [l]F [l]United Kingdom (100%)
[l]Indirect export [l][i]Hirudo verbana[/i] [l]II/B [r]16524 [l]live [l]W [l]Germany (100%) [Serbia]
[l]Indirect export [l][i]Scleractinia[/i] spp. [l]II/B [r]6070 [l]raw corals (kg) [l]W [l]Germany (95%) [Fiji]
[l]Indirect export [l][i]Ornithoptera priamus*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1603 [l]bodies [l]R [l]France (>99%) [Indonesia
[l]Indirect export [l][i]Strombus gigas*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1031 [l]shells [l]W [l]Italy (99%) [Turks & Caicos Islands]
[l]Indirect export [l][i]Tridacna maxima[/i] [l]II/B [r]34 [l]live [l]W [l]United Kingdom (59%) [Australia]

 

An overview of the 15 plant taxa that met the high volume criterion is provided below. Taxa directly exported at high volumes in 2012 primarily comprised Appendix I cacti exported as artificially propagated seeds for commercial purposes; the majority (90%) were exported from Malta to China. Wild-sourced Galanthus elwesii accounted for 92% of live plant re-exports from the EU in 2012, all of which originated in Turkey and were re-exported via the Netherlands; the principal trading partner was Japan (88%).

Non-timber plant species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. *Indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011.

[l] [l]Taxon [l]App./Annex [r]Qty [l]Description [l]Main source [l]Main (re-)exporter (%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct export [l][i]Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus*[/i] [l]I/A [r]15650 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Malta (98%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Turbinicarpus alonsoi*[/i] [l]I/A [r]4410 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Malta (>99%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Turbinicarpus hoferi*[/i] [l]I/A [r]4400 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Malta (100%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Paphiopedilum hybrid*[/i] [l]I/A [r]3720 [l]live [l]D [l]Germany (100%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Turbinicarpus beguinii*[/i] [l]I/A [r]2200 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Malta (100%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Turbinicarpus bonatzii*[/i] [l]I/A [r]2200 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Malta (100%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Astrophytum asterias*[/i] [l]I/A [r]1950 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Germany (100%)
[l]Direct export [i][l]Turbinicarpus saueri*[/i] [l]I/A [r]1850 [l]seeds [l]D [l]Malta (95%)
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Galanthus elwesii[/i] [l]II/B [r]1032615 [l]live [l]W [l]Netherlands (100%) [Turkey]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i] [l]II/B [r]120648 [l]wax (kg) [l]W [l]Germany (86%) [Mexico]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Galanthus woronowii[/i] [l]II/B [r]76700 [l]live [l]W [l]Netherlands (100%) [Turkey]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Aloe ferox[/i] [l]II/B [r]44112 [l]extract (kg) [l]W [l]Germany (57%) [South Africa]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i] [l]II/B [r]20872 [l]extract (kg) [l]W [l]France (>99%) [Mexico]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Aloe ferox[/i] [l]II/B [r]12686 [l]extract [l]W [l]Italy (100%) [South Africa]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Saussurea costus[/i] [l]I/A [r]3009 [l]powder (kg) [l]D [l]Germany (100%) [China]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Cyclamen coum[/i] [l]II/B [r]2010 [l]live [l]W [l]Netherlands (100%) [Turkey]
[l]Indirect export [i][l]Cyclamen hederifolium[/i] [l]II/B [r]1150 [l]live [l]W [l]Netherlands (100%) [Turkey]

 

Six individual timber species met the high volume criterion on the basis of at least one term/unit combination in 2012; the majority of this trade was wild-sourced. Prunus africana accounted for all of the trade in bark, the majority of which (90%) originated in Cameroon and was re-exported via France to Madagascar. Araucaria araucana was the only timber species exported at high volumes from the EU in 2012 for which a proportion of the trade was direct; the majority of the direct exports (all live specimens) originated in Italy (52%), while the top importer was Switzerland (69%).

Timber species/term/unit combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. * Indicates species that did not meet the high volume criterion in 2011.

[l]Type of trade [l]Taxon [l]App./Annex [r]Qty [l]Description [l]Main source [l]Main (re-)exporter (100%) [Main origin, if applicable]
[l]Direct exports [l][i]Araucaria araucana*[/i] [l]I/A [r]162 [l]live [l]D [l]Italy (52%)
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Prunus africana[/i] [l]II/B [r]99520 [l]bark (kg) [l]W [l]France (>99%) [Cameroon]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Prunus africana[/i] [l]II/B [r]10155 [l]powder (kg) [l]W [l]France (60%) [Cameroon]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Pericopsis elata[/i] [l]II/B [r]8299 [l]veneer (m2) [l]W [l]Germany (100%) [DRC]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi[/i] [l]II/B [r]7480 [l]extract (kg) [l]W [l]Germany (>99%) [Paraguay]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi[/i] [l]II/B [r]5656 [l]oil (kg) [l]W [l]France (48%); Spain (45%) [Paraguay]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Prunus africana[/i] [l]II/B [r]4449 [l]extract (kg) [l]W [l]Spain (85%) [Cameroon]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Caesalpinia echinata*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1529 [l]timber [l]O [l]Germany (100%) [Brazil]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Pericopsis elata[/i] [l]II/B [r]1263 [l]timber (m3) [l]W [l]Portugal (62%) [DRC]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Araucaria araucana*[/i] [l]I/A [r]1084 [l]live [l]D [l]Netherlands (87%) [Chile]
[l]Indirect exports [l][i]Swietenia macrophylla*[/i] [l]II/B [r]1084 [l]veneer (kg) [l]W [l]Germany (100%) [Mexico]

 

Candidate countries exported ten commodities (species/term/unit combinations) at volumes exceeding 1000 units in 2012, with the majority of trade for commercial purposes.

Species/term/unit combinations for which candidate countries’ reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2012. *Indicates species which did not meet the high volume threshold in 2011. Iceland’s annual report for 2012 has not yet been received.

Taxon App./Annex Qty Term (Unit) Main source Main (re-)exporter (%) [main origin, if applicable]
Direct exports [i]Galanthus elwesii[/i] II/B 5250000 live W Turkey (100%)
Direct exports [i]Galanthus woronowii[/i] II/B 300000 live W Turkey (100%)
Direct exports [i]Cyclamen coum[/i] II/B 286657 live W Turkey (100%)
Direct exports [i]Cyclamen cilicium[/i] II/B 41350 live W Turkey (100%)
Direct exports [i]Testudo hermanni[/i] II/A 8671 live C FYR Macedonia (91%)
Direct exports [i]Testudo graeca[/i] II/A 3530 live C Turkey (100%)
Direct exports [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] II/B 1084 live (kg) W Turkey (89%)
Indirect exports [i]Galanthus woronowii[/i] II/B 10755315 live W Turkey (100%) [Georgia]
Indirect exports [i]Arctocephalus pusillus*[/i] II/B 4122 skins W Turkey (100%) [Namibia]
Indirect exports [i]Python reticulatus*[/i] II/B 2419 skins W; C Turkey (100%) [Viet Nam/Indonesia]
Indirect exports [i]Lycalopex griseus[/i] II/B 2000 skins W Turkey (100%) [Argentina]

High volume direct exports from candidate countries, in addition to the trade in plants described in the wild-sourced trade section, primarily comprised live, captive-bred tortoises for commercial purposes; the principal importer was the United Kingdom (37%). Other than live Galanthus woronowii, the majority of high volume re-exports by candidate countries comprised skins, the majority of which were wild-sourced and all traded for commercial purposes; the top importers of the taxa re-exported at high volumes as skins were China (24%), Russia (23%) and Spain (23%).